Canadian Birds Essays - Geese, Branta, Canada Goose,

Canadian Birds The Branta Canadensis, better known as the Canada Goose is a magnificent bird which can be found all over North America. People from all over North America look towards the sky when the Canada Geese go honking overhead in their trademark V formation, and because they nest all over Canada and some of the United States many people have a chance to witness the birds migration to the nesting grounds and back to the wintering grounds. The Canada Goose is respected by so many of us because of it's dignity and courage and refusal to give up. Over the years the Canada Goose has picked up many slang names, some of these are: Canadian Goose, Canadian Honker, Honker, Honker Goose, Big Honker, Old Honker, Boy Goose, Bernache (French for Barnacle Goose), Big Mexican Goose, Blackee, Blacknecked Goose, Brant, French Goose, Northern Goose, Reef Goose, Ringneck, Wavy, and White-cheeked Goose (Wormer). The Canada Goose has excellent eyesight which makes it difficult to hunt because the Goose can see the hunter well before the hunter ever sees the goose (Wormer). This eyesight is essential for flying though, a Canada Goose can see three quarters of a sphere without moving its head (Wormer). The Canada Goose also has an acute sense of hearing, it's ears are positioned on the side of it's head (Wormer). They have either no sense of smell or a very poor one, but this does not impede the goose in any way (Wormer). Although there is a large variation in size all subspecies of Canada Geese look the same physically (Wormer) The male and female Canada Goose look almost exactly the same except the female can usually be recognized because it is smaller and less aggressive (Wormer). Colors also vary but, the color pattern is generally the same for all the subspecies (Godfrey). The head and neck are dark black with a large white patch on each cheek which meet under the chin, this is the Canada Goose's most easily recognized characteristic because it is unique to the Canada Goose (Wormer). The upper parts of the body as well as the wings are greyish brown, the feathers tipped with brownish white (Godfrey). The tail is black with the upper tail coverts white and the under tail coverts are white also (Godfrey). The under body is brownish grey with paler feather tips, the sides being the darkest and the lower belly is white (Godfrey). The feathers of the breast commonly called down are broad and square tipped (Godfrey). The bill and legs are dark black, and the iris of the eye is brown with a black pupil (Wormer). The Canada Goose in it's first Autumn and Winter is similar to the adults but breast feathers are narrower, softer and more rounded, the outer primaries on the other hand are less rounded than those of a mature adult (Godfrey). The Canada Goose color pattern works as a great disguise, when lying flat with the neck outstretched the Canada Goose looks like a clump of grass and dirt and difficult to distinguish as a goose even on snow or ice (Wormer). All goslings of all subspecies of the Canada Goose look identical (Breen). Goslings are bright yellow and weigh less than one pound when hatched, after two weeks they way two pounds, after one month their weight is three to four pounds and their color is a dull grey, after six weeks a color pattern can be seen and inclination to fly i.e.. running on top of the water flapping it's wings, after eight weeks they look like adult and weigh six to seven pounds and some are able to fly others begin to fly in their ninth week, further growth depends on the subspecies (Breen). There are eleven subspecies of the Canada Goose but the characteristics that separate them usually cannot be seen from a distance (Wormer). Branta Canadensis Minima, also known as the Cackling Canada Goose is the smallest of all subspecies weighing only two and a half to four pounds (Wormer). It is the darkest in color and has the highest pitch call (Wormer). Branta Canadensis Hutchinsii, also known as the Richardson Canada Goose weighs three to seven pounds and is light in color, it's call has a pitch slightly deeper than that of the Cackling Canada Goose (Wormer). Branta Canadensis taverneri, also known as Taverner's Canada Goose weighs three and a half to five pounds and is dark in color (Wormer). Branta Canadensis leucopareia, also known as the Aleutian Canada Goose

Socialism in America essays

Socialism in America essays Socialism is the public collective ownership of, or control of the means of production, distribution and exchange with the declared aim of operating for use rather than for profit; also for assuring each member of society an equal share of goods, services, and warfare benefits. Socialism in America has officially never existed. To call a plan socialistic would be potentially dangerous in a democracy, being that America is a democracy and the business of America is business. We function as a capitalistic system which could not exist if any form of real socialism were present. In 1901 Mr. Tom Johnson was elected mayor of Cleveland on the platform of equal taxation on all properties rather than the government favoring certain owners. One of his main political aims as his term went on was the city ownership and operation of the utilities such as water and power and the transit system. This objective came into controversy because the public ownership of anything can be defined as a form of socialism. If Johnson got his way, the city utilities would be bettered and the main driving force would be the efficient supply of the utilities to the people and not the pursuit of selfish profit. This would also mean that the city would own the transit system and could better it to the needs of the public as well. The prices would go down and the overall decency of the services would increase. There really was no downside to his plan except perhaps the money and control that the previous owners would loose. The real question in the matter was if this plan was a form of socialism. Many pro-progressivists did not like the idea of socialism but were all in favor of city ownership of the utilities and services. People had no problem with eliminating the corruption and saving money. To further promote the success of his plan, Johnson decided to call this communal ownership a simple extension of democracy. He pronounce ...

How can Coca Cola further increase their customer base in reference to Case Study - 2

How can Coca Cola further increase their customer base in reference to marketing strategies - Case Study Example The company has a subsidiary employee basis of 30,000 people globally. 70% of its sales volume and 80% of the company profits are from outside (Adcock 23). First, we need to commend how the company has handled its branding. Looking briefly at branding since it is the focal of customer base sentiments, it is an effort to tie together, produce and have authority and control of the relevant associations so that the business performs better. Coca-cola has enormously benefited since they have successfully managed to create a brand which presents the company as being highly distinctive, very exciting and absolutely reliable with superb adverts. Even though its impossible to have full influence over a brand due to outside influences, wise use of design, advertising, marketing, service proposition and corporate culture among others can all really help in generating associations in people’s minds that benefit the company as an organization. The audiences, competitors, delivery and service aspects of branding may differ in different industry sectors but the main principle of being transparent about what you stand for always applies (Dev & Don 12). To get started on how to increase customer base in reference to marketing strategies, market research should be undertaken. This is to know what Coca-cola offers –both tangible and intangible elements. Finding out the main upcoming competitors by looking in places such as retail outlet shelves especially major supermarkets is also important. There is also need to know your customers; this is by doing a profile of your typical customers. Another great move which coca-cola is fully incorporating is increasing market share and reinforcing the existing customer base. In challenging economic conditions, Coca-cola has managed to prove that tough times can indeed be good times for

The Chrysamthemums Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Chrysamthemums - Essay Example Flower and wire fence create a picture how her tender emotions are imprisoned. Through such enclosures, she watches the activities that are taking place in the society. Elisa has no conflict with her husband; everything apparently seems to go on well. Her dissatisfaction with her life has nothing to do with the attitudes of her husband and his disposition towards her. The story critically examines her psychology. The images of seasons, weather, plants and animals—all work as natures agents to provide support to the happiness of her life. When a bright and energetic woman has to fall in line to follow the routine procedures of married life, an unseen compulsion blocks her career goals and she turns cynical. Elisa makes desperate efforts to come to terms to find real happiness in life, but in vain. She thinks that she is going round and round in the same circle with no possibility of finding an opening. A powerful woman feels powerless for no apparent reasons, except that she is married. Steinbeck further writes, â€Å"She took off a glove and put her strong fingers down into the forest of new green chrysanthemum sprouts that were growing around the old roots. She spread the leaves and looked down among the close-growing stems. No aphids were there, no sow bugs or snails or cutworms. Her terrier fingers destroyed such pests before they could get started.†(p.375) This description indicates something profound about Elisas personality. She is cut out to accomplish the great, but she has to find satisfaction in activities like trimming the plants and dealing with the chrysanthemums. Being unable to find the perfect disciplines in her choices in life, she practices to adjust and carry on with the available discipline! In fine, the story "The Chrysanthemums" is steeped in symbolism to highlight the plight of an ambitious

Doing business with Japanese Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Doing business with Japanese - Research Paper Example Both the political as well as the business perspective will be discussed in this part. Moving on to the trade perspective it is necessary to consider the FDI and the FII in Japan. In this section some of the discussion will be on the structures of taxes in Japan. A section of the project will discuss about the trade barriers within the country from the perspective of export and import. In order to start a business the most important thing is to analyze the market and therefore it is necessary to analyze the Japanese market. The culture of the country along with the business etiquette cannot be ignored. The last section will summarize the whole project. Introduction The country selected for the discussion in the project is Japan. The country represents a constitutional monarchy. The Emperor does not enjoy much power. The judicial system of the country is mainly based on the civil law existing in Europe since the latter half of 19th century. The country is a member of G8 and APEC. The country also participated in East Asia Summit. It shares good relationship with United States. The country is a permanent member of the G4 nations in the Security Council. However the country is engaged in several territorial disputes with countries like Russia, South Korea and China. The country emerged as one of the developed nations within the continent of Asia. The period of 1960s to 1980s is referred as the post war economic miracle. After the asset price bubble the growth level steadily decreased and the decade after 1990s is referred as the lost decade. In order to make successful entry into the Japanese market the potential entrants will have to cut out a clear budget control policies and a diversified growth strategy for at least for half a decade. There are three secrets in successful setting up of business in the country. The entrant needs to analyze the opportunities the services or the products the entrant will be offering in the market, a sustainable strategy that the entrant will be following and ensuring the returns on the spending made. It is possible to taste success by doing business in Japan unless the strategies are not based on false assumptions. Some brands achieved great success just by making little changes in brand identity and applying some marketing techniques. The consumers of the country likes detailing and so detailed printed materials are essential while setting up the business in the country. Therefore analysis of brand equity and setting up a corporate image is important to enter the Japanese market as well. It is of utmost necessity to analyze the strategies of the already existing competitors effectively. The process of sales and the revenue model should be in line with the Japanese culture and the market. Setting up a new business is not expensive either if the cost structure is effectively determined. The Euro and the companies of US can reap the benefits of the treaty between Japan and US. Successful entry into the market will also enhance the valuation of the company as investors will perceive that a company that can taste success in the market of Japan can do so everywhere. A risk of being dodged is associated while doing business in the country. The country achieved a good score in the indicators compiled by the World Bank for the year 2008. The estimates of the governance are usually distributed with zero mean .Therefore a high score signifies a more stable

Paneles Solares

Paneles Solares RESUMEN EJECUTIVO El uso de las energà ­as renovables ha venido a disminuir, el uso de los combustibles fà ³siles como fuente de obtencià ³n de energà ­a. El suministro de energà ­a a partir de fuentes diversificadas y seguras, de forma econà ³micamente admisible y ambientalmente compatible, resulta esencial para la implementacià ³n de la prà ¡ctica del desarrollo sostenible de un paà ­s. En ese sentido, este proyecto contribuye con el requerimiento de un cuidadoso equilibrio entre los aspectos sociales, econà ³micos y ambientales. Su implementacià ³n contribuye a la reduccià ³n del impacto econà ³mico que ocasionan los combustibles importados en la economà ­a nacional, asà ­ como la reduccià ³n de   emisiones de CO2 que contribuye a los gases de efecto invernadero, como consecuencia el cambio climà ¡tico y los SO2 y los NOX que originan la lluvia acida. El incremento de concentraciones atmosfà ©rica de CO2   como consecuencia del empleo de combustibles fà ³siles, tiene una contribucià ³n en el incremento del efecto invernadero natural existente en el mundo. Por ello, se hace necesaria y urgente la reduccià ³n de las emisiones de este gas, presente de forma natural en la atmà ³sfera. El desesarrollo del proyecto pretende potenciar el uso de la energà ­a solar, utilizando paneles solares de tubos de vacio como fuente de energà ­a renovable como una forma de sustituir los combustibles fà ³siles utilizados en calderas por energà ­a mà ¡s limpia y segura para el medio ambiente. Tomando en consideracià ³n el, las reducciones de las emisiones Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio estipulado en el protocolo de Kyoto sobre las y la sustitucià ³n de combustible importado, el proyecto se enmarca dentro de objetivos de las leyes de Incentivos a las Elegà ­as Renovables y la de Competitividad y Innovacià ³n Industrial, dentro de una estrategia de contribuir a la sostenibilidad y la competitividad del aparato productivo nacional. En ese sentido, la Escuela de la Ingenierà ­a Quà ­mica de la UASD, cuya esencia es la aplicacià ³n   de   Ingenierà ­a de Procesos para la identificacià ³n de mejoras que contribuyan a la innovacià ³n y competitividad, cumple con su obje tivo de aportar a sector productivo nacional. I. INTRODUCCIà ³N Este proyecto inicia como una alternativa para el uso de la energà ­a solar y el potencial   para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, por el uso de combustible fà ³sil en calderas para evaporar agua y ser utilizada posteriormente en el proceso de produccion Halka Industrial. Para realizar el proyecto se tomà ³ como opcià ³n la disponibilidad de la energà ­a solar en el paà ­s. Para su la realizacià ³n se enfocà ³ la atencià ³n sobre la investigacià ³n en las tecnologà ­as existentes para convertir la energà ­a solar en energà ­a tà ©rmica. Se llegà ³ a la conclusià ³n que la mejor opcià ³n debido a la mayor eficiencia que presentan la constituà ­an los llamados paneles solares de tubo de vacà ­o, por los que estos fueron la tecnologà ­a seleccionada para la ejecucià ³n del proyecto. 1.1-OBJETIVOS Ø Objetivo general Reducir los costos de operacià ³n de Halka Industrial y promover el uso de la energà ­a solar en los procesos industriales para la sustitucià ³n de combustibles fà ³siles importados que impactan la economà ­a nacional y contribuir a la reduccià ³n de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Objetivos Especà ­ficos Presentar el presente proyecto para la obtencià ³n del titulo de Ingeniero Quà ­mico Introducir la transferencia de tecnologà ­a en la para el aprovechamiento de la radiacià ³n solar a travà ©s de paneles les solares   de tubos de vacà ­o para el calentamiento de agua usada en el proceso Halkada Industrial Oporurtunidad para aplicar a los incentivos previstos en las leyes de Incentivos a las Energias Renovables y de la Innovacià ³n y Competitividad Industrial Aplicacià ³n del Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) del Protocolo de Kyto para aplicar a los bonos de carbono por la reduccià ³n de emisiones de combustibles fà ³siles. 1.2-JUSTIFICACIà ³N La energà ­a solar es sin duda la fuente de toda la vida en el planeta tierra es la responsable de todos los ciclos de la naturaleza, la responsable del clima, del movimiento del viento, del agua y del crecimiento de las plantas Y la mà ¡s econà ³mica. Las energà ­as renovables son una realidad que precisa de una constante demanda de profesionales cualificados debido al auge en la utilizacià ³n de tecnologà ­as limpias. La energà ­a solar es la energà ­a producida por el sol y que es convertida a energà ­a à ºtil por el ser humano, ya sea para calentar algo o producir electricidad (como sus principales aplicaciones). El aprovechamiento de esta energà ­a, para calentamiento de agua, con un sistema de paneles solares de tubos de vacà ­o puede reducir las emisiones de gases contaminantes grandemente. 1.3-APORTACIà ³N Reduccià ³n de los costos de operacià ³n de Halka Industrial Contribucià ³n a la reduccià ³n de gases de efecto invernadero Reduccià ³n del uso de combustible fà ³sil importado. Innovacià ³n en el uso de energà ­a de energà ­a limpia procedentes de recursos locales Econà ³micamente rentables. Incremento en la eficiencia del proceso de produccià ³n de Halka Industrial. 1.4-ANTECEDENTES Las energà ­as renovables han constituido una parte importante de la energà ­a utilizada por los humanos desde tiempos remotos, especialmente la solar, la eà ³lica y la hidrà ¡ulica. La agua y las disposiciones constructivas de los edificios para aprovechar la del sol, son buenos ejemplos de ello. Con el invento de la motores tà ©rmicos y elà ©ctricos, en una à ©poca en que el todavà ­a relativamente escaso consumo, no hacà ­a prever un agotamiento de las fuentes, ni otros problemas ambientales que mà ¡s tarde se presentaron. Hacia la dà ©cada de energà ­as limpias, y por esta razà ³n fueron llamadas energà ­as alternativas. Actualmente muchas de estas energà ­as son una realidad, no una alternativa, por lo que el nombre de alternativas ya no debe emplearse. Segà ºn la Comisià ³n Nacional de Energà ­a espaà ±ola, la venta anual de energà ­a del Rà ©gimen Especial se ha multiplicado por mà ¡s de 10% en Espaà ±a, a la vez que sus precios se han rebajado un 11%. En Espaà ±a las energà ­as renovables supusieron en el aà ±o 2005 un 5,9% del total de energà ­a primaria, un 1,2% es eà ³lica, un 1,1% hidroelà ©ctrica, un 2,9 biomasa y el 0,7% otras. La energà ­a eà ³lica es la que mà ¡s crece. II. MARCO TEà ³RICO 2.1-FUNDAMENTO DE LA ENERGà ­A SOLAR Existen dos formas principales de utilizar la energà ­a solar, una como fuente de calor para sistemas solares tà ©rmicos. La otra como fuente de electricidad para sistemas solares fotovoltaicos. En este proyecto vamos a trabajar con la energà ­a solar tà ©rmica como una fuente de calor. La energà ­a solar tà ©rmica se debe a la transformacià ³n de la energà ­a radiante solar en calor o energà ­a tà ©rmica. La energà ­a solar tà ©rmica se encarga de calentar el agua en forma   directa alcanzando temperatura que oscila entre los 40   y 50 gracias a la utilizacià ³n de paneles solares. El agua se calienta, la cual es almacenada para su posterior consumo: calentamiento de agua de usos industriales, calentamiento de agua de proceso, calefaccià ³n de espacios, calentamiento de piscinas, secaderos, refrigeracià ³n etc. La energà ­a solar tà ©rmica utiliza la energà ­a que recibimos del sol para calentar un fluido. 2.2-MECANISMO DE DESARROLLO LIMPIO(MDL) El objetivo del MDL es que las naciones industrializadas inviertan en proyectos para disminuir las emisiones en los paà ­ses en desarrollo a fin de compensar las que no lograron reducir en su propio territorio. Este mecanismo permite proyectos de reduccià ³n de emisiones entres paà ­ses industrializado y paà ­ses en desarrollo. Por medio de este mecanismo una entidad o gobierno de un paà ­s industrializado invierte en un proyecto de reduccià ³n de emisiones en un paà ­s de desarrollo. A cambio el paà ­s industrializado recibe Certificados de Reduccià ³n de Emisià ³n (CER). 2.3-BENEFICIO DE PARTICIPAR EN UN PROYECTO MDL Entre los beneficios que se le otorgan por participar en un proyecto MDL està ¡n: El MDL puede proporcionar ingresos adicionales en forma De CER al proyecto, el cual puede ser econà ³micamente viable con el uso. El MDL contribuirà ¡ al uso de energà ­as renovables en lugar del uso de las energà ­as no renovables, lo cual contribuye a la seguridad energà ©tica de un paà ­s El uso de algunas de las tecnologà ­as de reduccià ³n de emisià ³n podrà ¡ incrementar la productividad mediante el logro de ahorro de energà ­a y materias primas. Aplicacià ³n de tecnologà ­as de reduccià ³n de emisià ³n de GHGs mediante el MDL puede ser tambià ©n una medida de solucià ³n de varios asuntos de contaminacià ³n ambiental. 2.4-BONOS DE CARBONO Los bonos de carbono son un mecanismo internacional de descontaminacià ³n para reducir las emisiones contaminantes al medio ambiente; es uno de los tres mecanismos propuestos en el Protocolo de Kioto para la reduccià ³n de emisiones causantes del calentamiento global o efecto invernadero (GEI o gases de efecto invernadero). El sistema ofrece incentivos econà ³micos para que empresas privadas contribuyan a la mejora de la calidad ambiental y se consiga regular la emisià ³n generada por sus procesos productivos, considerando el derecho a emitir CO2 como un bien canjeable y con un precio establecido en el mercado. La transaccià ³n de los bonos de carbono —un bono de carbono representa el derecho a emitir una tonelada de dià ³xido de carbono— permite mitigar la generacià ³n de gases invernadero, beneficiando a las empresas que no emiten o disminuyen la emisià ³n y haciendo pagar a las que emiten mà ¡s de lo permitido. Las reducciones de emisiones de GEI se miden en toneladas de CO2 equivalente, y se traducen en Certificados de Emisiones Reducidas (CER). Un CER equivale a una tonelada de CO2 que se deja de emitir a la atmà ³sfera, y puede ser vendido en el mercado de carbono a paà ­ses Anexo I (industrializados, de acuerdo a la nomenclatura del protocolo de Kyoto). Los tipos de proyecto que pueden aplicar a una certificacià ³n son, por ejemplo, generacià ³n de energà ­a renovable, mejoramiento de eficiencia energà ©tica de procesos, forestacià ³n, limpieza de lagos y rà ­os, etc. En un esfuerzo por reducir las emisiones que provocan el Protocolo de Kyoto. Para cumplir se està ¡n financiando proyectos de captura o abatimiento de estos gases en paà ­ses en và ­as de desarrollo, acreditando tales disminuciones y considerà ¡ndolas como si hubiesen sido hechas en su territorio. Sin embargo, los crà ­ticos del sistema de venta de bonos o permisos de emisià ³n, argumentan que la implementacià ³n de estos mecanismos tendientes a reducir las emisiones de CO2 no tendrà ¡ el efecto deseado de reducir la concentracià ³n de CO2 en la atmà ³sfera, como tampoco de reducir o retardar la subida de la temperatura. Segà ºn el estudio de Wigley, 2050, o reducirà ¡ la temperatura predicha para ese aà ±o en 0,06 ºC, o sino retrasarà ¡ la fecha en que deberà ­a cumplirse el aumento dicho en 16 aà ±os. 2.5-IMPACTO AMBIENTAL Se entiende como el efecto que produce una determinada accià ³n humana sobre el medio ambiente en sus distintos aspectos. El concepto puede extenderse, con poca utilidad, a los efectos de un fenà ³meno natural catastrà ³fico. Tà ©cnicamente, es la alteracià ³n de la accià ³n antrà ³pica o a eventos naturales. Las acciones humanas, motivadas por la consecucià ³n de diversos fines, provocan efectos colaterales sobre el medio natural o social. Mientras los efectos perseguidos suelen ser positivos, al menos para quienes promueven la actuacià ³n, los efectos secundarios pueden ser positivos y, mà ¡s a menudo, negativos. La Declaracià ³n de Impacto ambiental (DIA) es la comunicacià ³n previa, que las leyes ambientales exigen bajo ciertos supuestos, de las consecuencias ambientales predichas por la evaluacià ³n. 2.6-PROTOCOLO DE KIOTO El Protocolo de Kioto sobre el cambio climà ¡tico[] es un acuerdo internacional que tiene por objetivo reducir las emisiones de seis gases provocadores del azufre (SF6), en un porcentaje aproximado de un 5%, dentro del periodo que va desde el aà ±o 2008 al 2012, en comparacià ³n a las emisiones al aà ±o 1990. Por ejemplo, si la contaminacià ³n de estos gases en el aà ±o 1990 alcanzaba el 100%, al tà ©rmino del aà ±o 2012 deberà ¡ ser del 95%. Es preciso seà ±alar que esto no significa que cada paà ­s deba reducir sus emisiones de gases regulados en un 5%, sino que este es un porcentaje a nivel global y, por el contrario, cada paà ­s obligado por Kioto tiene sus propios porcentajes de emisià ³n que debe disminuir. El protocolo de Kioto sobre el cambio climà ¡tico es un acuerdo internacional por objetivo reducir   las emisiones de seis gases provocadores del calentamiento global: Dià ³xido de carbono (CO2), gas metano (CH4) y oxido nitroso (N20), ademà ¡s de tres gases fluorados: Hidrofluorocarbonos (HFC), Per III. FUENTES DE ENERGà ­A 3.1-ENERGà ­A ALTERNA 3.1.1-CONCEPTO APLICADOS A LAS FUENTES DE ENERGà ­A Una energà ­as o fuentes energà ©ticas actuales, ya sea por su menor efecto contaminante, o fundamentalmente por su posibilidad de renovacià ³n. El consumo de energà ­a es uno de los grandes medidores del progreso y bienestar de una sociedad. El concepto de crisis energà ©tica aparece cuando las fuentes de energà ­a de las que se abastece la sociedad se agotan. Un modelo econà ³mico como el actual, cuyo funcionamiento depende de un continuo crecimiento, exige tambià ©n una demanda igualmente creciente de energà ­a. Puesto que las fuentes de energà ­a fà ³sil y nuclear son finitas, es inevitable que en un determinado momento la demanda no pueda ser abastecida y todo el sistema colapse, salvo que se descubran y desarrollen otros nuevos mà ©todos para obtener energà ­a: à ©stas serà ­an las energà ­as alternativas. En conjunto con lo anterior se tiene tambià ©n que el abuso de las energà ­as convencionales actuales hoy dà ­a tales como el capa de ozono. La discusià ³n energà ­a alternativa/convencional no es una mera clasificacià ³n de las fuentes de energà ­a, sino que representa un cambio que necesariamente tendrà ¡ que producirse durante este siglo. Es importante reseà ±ar que las energà ­as alternativas, aun siendo renovables, tambià ©n son finitas, y como cualquier otro recurso natural tendrà ¡n un là ­mite mà ¡ximo de explotacià ³n. Por tanto, incluso aunque podamos realizar la transicià ³n a estas nuevas energà ­as de forma suave y gradual, tampoco van a permitir continuar con el modelo econà ³mico actual basado en el crecimiento perpetuo. Es por ello por lo que surge el concepto del Desarrollo sostenible. 3.1.2 DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE El desarrollo sostenible se basa en las siguientes premisas: El uso de fuentes de energà ­a renovable, ya que las fuentes siglo XXI. El uso de fuentes limpias, abandonando los procesos de fisià ³n nuclear. La explotacià ³n extensiva de las fuentes de energà ­a, proponià ©ndose como alternativa el fomento del autoconsumo, que evite en la medida de lo posible la construccià ³n de grandes infraestructuras de generacià ³n y distribucià ³n de energà ­a elà ©ctrica. La disminucià ³n de la demanda energà ©tica, mediante la mejora del rendimiento de los dispositivos elà ©ctricos (là ¡mparas, etc.) Reducir o eliminar el consumo energà ©tico innecesario. No se trata sà ³lo de consumir mà ¡s eficientemente, sino de consumir menos, es decir, desarrollar una conciencia y una cultura del ahorro energà ©tico y condena del despilfarro. La produccià ³n de energà ­as limpias, alternativas y renovables no es por tanto una cultura o un intento de mejorar el medio ambiente, sino una necesidad a la que el ser humano se va a ver abocado, independientemente de nuestra opinià ³n, gustos o creencias. 3.1.3-CLASIFICACIà ³N Las fuentes renovables de energà ­a pueden dividirse en dos categorà ­as: contaminantes. No contaminantes : El Sol: energà ­a solar. El viento: energà ­a eà ³lica. Los rà ­os y corrientes de agua dulce: energà ­a hidrà ¡ulica. Los mares y ocà ©anos: energà ­a mareomotriz. El calor de la Tierra: energà ­a geotà ©rmica. Las olas: energà ­a mareomotriz. La llegada de masas de agua dulce a masas de agua salada : energà ­a azul. Las contaminantes : Se obtienen a partir de la materia orgà ¡nica o transesterificacià ³n y de los residuos urbanos. Las energà ­as de fuentes renovables contaminantes tienen el mismo problema que la energà ­a producida por combustibles fà ³siles: en la combustià ³n emiten fotosà ­ntesis. En realidad no es equivalente la cantidad absorbida previamente con la emitida en la combustià ³n, porque en los procesos de siembra, recoleccià ³n, tratamiento y transformacià ³n, tambià ©n se consume energà ­a, con sus correspondientes emisiones. Ademà ¡s, se puede atrapar gran parte de las emisiones de CO2 para alimentar cultivos de microcarbà ³n activado. Tambià ©n se puede obtener energà ­a a partir de los gas natural y de dià ³xido de carbono. 3.2- DIVISIà ³N DE LAS FUENTES DE ENERGà ­A Las fuentes de energà ­a se pueden dividir en dos grandes subgrupos: permanentes (renovables) y temporales (no renovables). 3.2.1-NO RENOVABLES Los combustibles fà ³siles son recursos no renovables: no podemos reponer lo que gastamos. En algà ºn momento, se acabarà ¡n, y tal vez sea necesario disponer de millones de aà ±os de evolucià ³n similar para contar nuevamente con ellos. Son aquellas cuyas reservas son limitadas y se agotan con el uso. Las principales son la carbà ³n). 3.2.2-ENERGà ­A Fà ³SIL Los plancton marino acumuladas en el fondo del mar. En ambos casos la materia orgà ¡nica se descompuso parcialmente por falta de oxà ­geno y accià ³n de la temperatura, la presià ³n y determinadas bacterias de forma que quedaron almacenadas molà ©culas con enlaces de alta energà ­a. La energà ­a mà ¡s utilizada en el mundo es la energà ­a fà ³sil. Si se considera todo lo que està ¡ en juego, es de suma importancia medir con exactitud las reservas de combustibles fà ³siles del planeta. Se distinguen las reservas identificadas aunque no està ©n explotadas, y las reservas probables, que se podrà ­an descubrir con las tecnologà ­as futuras. Segà ºn los cà ¡lculos, el planeta puede suministrar energà ­a durante 40 aà ±os mà ¡s (si sà ³lo se utiliza el petrà ³leo) y mà ¡s de 200 (si se sigue utilizando el carbà ³n). Hay alternativas actualmente en estudio: la energà ­a fusià ³n nuclear. 3.2.3-ENERGà ­A NUCLEAR El nà ºcleo atà ³mico de elementos pesados como el reactor nuclear. Una consecuencia de la actividad de produccià ³n de este tipo de energà ­a, son los radiactividad. 3.2.2-RENOVABLES O VERDES El sol, origen de las energà ­as renovables. Actualmente, està ¡n cobrando mayor importancia a causa del agravamiento del balanza comercial que esa adquisicià ³n representa. 3.2.2.1-POLà ©MICAS Existe cierta polà ©mica sobre la inclusià ³n de la energà ­a hidrà ¡ulica (a gran escala) como energà ­as verdes, por los impactos medioambientales negativos que producen, aunque se trate de energà ­as renovables. El estatus de desechos nucleares cuya eliminacià ³n no està ¡ aà ºn resuelta. Segà ºn la definicià ³n actual de desecho no se trata de una energà ­a limpia. 3.2.2.2-ENERGà ­A HIDRà ¡ULICA La energà ­a potencial acumulada en los saltos de agua puede ser transformada en energà ­a elà ©ctrica. Las centrales hidroelà ©ctricas aprovechan la energà ­a de los rà ­os para poner en funcionamiento unas turbinas que mueven un generador elà ©ctrico. 3.2.2.3-BIOMASA La formacià ³n de biomasa a partir de la energà ­a solar se lleva a cabo por el proceso denominado fotosà ­ntesis vegetal que a su vez es desencadenante de la cadena biolà ³gica. Mediante la fotosà ­ntesis las plantas que contienen clorofila, transforman el dià ³xido de carbono y el agua de productos minerales sin valor energà ©tico, en materiales orgà ¡nicos con alto contenido energà ©tico y a su vez sirven de alimento a otros seres vivos. La biomasa mediante estos procesos almacena a corto plazo la energà ­a solar en forma de carbono. La energà ­a almacenada en el proceso fotosintà ©tico puede ser posteriormente transformada en energà ­a tà ©rmica, elà ©ctrica o carburantes de origen vegetal, liberando de nuevo el dià ³xido de carbono almacenado. 3.2.2.4-ENERGà ­A SOLAR Figura 3. Concentradores Solares Estos temperatura en el receptor. Figura 4. Paneles solares Los energà ­a elà ©ctrica. La energà ­a solar es una fuente de vida y origen de la mayorà ­a de las demà ¡s formas de energà ­a en la Tierra. Cada aà ±o la radiacià ³n solar aporta a la Tierra la energà ­a equivalente a varios miles de veces la cantidad de energà ­a que consume la humanidad. Recogiendo de forma adecuada la paneles solares. Mediante centrales tà ©rmicas solares se utiliza la energà ­a tà ©rmica de los colectores solares para generar electricidad. Se distinguen dos componentes en la radiacià ³n solar: la radiacià ³n directa y la radiacià ³n difusa. La radiacià ³n directa es la que llega directamente del foco solar, sin refracciones intermedias. La difusa es la emitida por la bà ³veda celeste diurna gracias a los mà ºltiples fenà ³menos de reflexià ³n y refraccià ³n solar en la atmà ³sfera, en las nubes, y el resto de elementos atmosfà ©ricos y terrestres. La radiacià ³n directa puede reflejarse y concentrarse para su utilizacià ³n, mientras que no es posible concentrar la luz difusa que proviene de todas direcciones. Sin embargo, tanto la radiacià ³n directa como la radiacià ³n difusa son aprovechables. Se puede diferenciar entre receptores activos y pasivos en que los primeros utilizan mecanismos para orientar el sistema receptor hacia el Sol -llamados seguidores- y captar mejor la radiacià ³n directa. Una importante ventaja de la energà ­a solar es que permite la generacià ³n de energà ­a en el mismo lugar de consumo mediante la integracià ³n arquitectà ³nica. Asà ­, podemos dar lugar a sistemas de generacià ³n distribuida en los que se eliminen casi por completo las pà ©rdidas relacionadas con el transporte -que en la actualidad suponen aproximadamente el 40% del total- y la dependencia energà ©tica. Las diferentes tecnologà ­as fotovoltaicas se adaptan para sacar el mà ¡ximo rendimiento posible de la energà ­a que recibimos del sol. De esta forma por ejemplo los sistemas de concentracià ³n solar fotovoltaica (CPV por sus siglas en inglà ©s) utiliza la radiacià ³n directa con receptores activos para maximizar la produccià ³n de energà ­a y conseguir asà ­ un coste menor por kW/h producido. Esta tecnologà ­a resulta muy eficiente para lugares de alta radiacià ³n solar, pero actualmente no puede competir en precio en localizaciones de baja radiacià ³n solar como Centro Europa, donde tecnologà ­as como la Capa Fina (Thin Film) està ¡n consiguiendo reducir tambià ©n el precio de la tecnologà ­a fotovoltaica tradicional. 3.2.2.5-ENERGà ­A Eà ³LICA La energà ­a eà ³lica es la energà ­a obtenida de la fuerza del viento, es decir, mediante la utilizacià ³n de la energà ­a cinà ©tica generada por las corrientes de aire. El tà ©rmino eà ³lico viene del latà ­n Aeolicus (griego antiguo / Aiolos), perteneciente o relativo a à ©olo, dios de los vientos en la mitologà ­a griega y, por tanto, perteneciente o relativo al viento. La energà ­a eà ³lica ha sido aprovechada desde la antigà ¼edad para mover los barcos impulsados por velas o hacer funcionar la maquinaria de molinos al mover sus aspas. Es un tipo de energà ­a verde. La energà ­a del viento està ¡ relacionada con el movimiento de las masas de aire que desplazan de à ¡reas de alta presià ³n atmosfà ©rica hacia à ¡reas adyacentes de baja presià ³n, con velocidades proporcionales (gradiente de presià ³n). Por lo que puede decirse que la energà ­a eà ³lica es una forma no-directa de energà ­a solar, las diferentes temperaturas y presiones en la atmà ³sfera, provocadas por la absorcià ³n de la radiacià ³n solar, son las que ponen al viento en movimiento. El aerogenerador es un generador de corriente elà ©ctrica a partir de la energà ­a cinà ©tica del viento, es una energà ­a limpia y tambià ©n la menos costosa de producir, lo que explica el fuerte entusiasmo por esta tecnologà ­a. 3.2.2.6-ENERGà ­A GEOTà ©RMICA La energà ­a geotà ©rmica es aquella energà ­a que puede ser obtenida por el hombre mediante el aprovechamiento del calor del interior de la Tierra. Parte del calor interno de la Tierra (5.000 ºC) llega a la corteza terrestre. En algunas zonas del planeta, cerca de la superficie, las aguas subterrà ¡neas pueden alcanzar temperaturas de ebullicià ³n, y, por tanto, servir para accionar turbinas elà ©ctricas o para calentar. El calor del interior de la Tierra se debe a varios factores, entre los que destacan el gradiente geotà ©rmico y el calor radiogà ©nico. Geotà ©rmico viene del griego geo, Tierra; y de thermos, calor; literalmente calor de la Tierra. 3.2.2.7-ENERGà ­A MAREOMOTRIZ Figura 5. Central elà ©ctrica mareomotriz en el estuario del Francia . La energà ­a mareomotriz se debe a las energà ­a elà ©ctrica, una forma energà ©tica mà ¡s à ºtil y aprovechable. La energà ­a mareomotriz tiene la cualidad de ser renovable en tanto que la fuente de impacto ambiental de instalar los dispositivos para su proceso han impedido una proliferacià ³n notable de este tipo de energà ­a. Otras formas de extraer energà ­a del mar son la gradiente tà ©rmico oceà ¡nico, que marca una diferencia de temperaturas entre la superficie y las aguas profundas del ocà ©ano. IV- APLICACIONES DE LA ENERGà ­A SOLAR 4.1 TECNOLOGà ­A Y USOS Clasificacià ³n por tecnologà ­as y su correspondiente uso mà ¡s general: Energà ­a solar pasiva : Aprovecha el calor del sol sin necesidad de mecanismos o sistemas mecà ¡nicos. Energà ­a solar tà ©rmica : Para producir agua caliente . Energà ­a solar fotovoltaica : Para producir electricidad mediante placas de semiconductores que se alteran con la radiacià ³n solar. Energà ­a solar termoelà ©ctrica : Para producir electricidad con un ciclo termodinà ¡mico convencional a partir de un fluido calentado a alta temperatura (aceite tà ©rmico) Energà ­a solar hà ­brida : Combina la energà ­a solar con otra energà ­a. Segà ºn la energà ­a con la que se combine es una hibridacià ³n: [3] Fà ³sil . Energà ­a eà ³lico solar : Funciona con el aire calentado por el sol, que sube por una chimenea donde està ¡n los generadores. La instalacià ³n de centrales de energà ­a solar en la zonas marcadas en el mapa podrà ­a proveer algo mà ¡s que la energà ­a actualmente consumida en el mundo (asumiendo una eficiencia de conversià ³n energà ©tica del 8%), incluyendo la proveniente de 1993 (tres aà ±os, calculada sobre la base de 24 horas por dà ­a y considerando la nubosidad observada mediante satà ©lites). Otros usos de la energà ­a solar y ejemplos mà ¡s prà ¡cticos de sus aplicaciones: Huerta solar Potabilizacià ³n de agua Cocina solar Destilacià ³n. Evaporacià ³n. Fotosà ­ntesis. Secado. Arquitectura sostenible. Cubierta Solar. Acondicionamiento y ahorro de energà ­a en edificaciones. Calentamiento de agua. Calefaccià ³n domà ©stica. Iluminacià ³n. Refrigeracià ³n. Aire acondicionado. Energà ­a para pequeà ±os electrodomà ©sticos. 4 .2- ENERGIA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA Figura 8. Celda solar Se denomina energà ­a solar fotovoltaica a una forma de obtencià ³n de energà ­a elà ©ctrica a travà ©s de paneles fotovoltaicos. Los paneles, mà ³dulos o colectores fotovoltaicos està ¡n formados por diferencia de potencial en sus extremos. El acoplamiento en serie de varios de estos fotodiodos permite la obtencià ³n de voltajes mayores en configuraciones muy sencillas y aptas para alimentar pequeà ±os dispositivos electrà ³nicos. A mayor escala, la red elà ©ctrica, operacià ³n sujeta a subvenciones para una mayor viabilidad. El proceso, simplificado, serà ­a el siguiente: Se genera la energà ­a a bajas tensiones (380-800 V) y en corriente continua. Se transforma con un inversor en corriente alterna. Mediante un centro de transformacià ³n se eleva a Media tensià ³n (15 à ³ 25 kV) y se inyecta en las redes de transporte de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. En entornos aislados, donde se requiere poca econà ³micamente viable. Para comprender la importancia de esta posibilidad, conviene tener en cuenta que aproximadamente una cuarta parte de la poblacià ³n mundial no tiene acceso a la energà ­a elà ©ctrica. 4 .3- CENTROS DE INVESTIGACIà ³N SOBRE LA ENERGà ­A SOLAR Alemania. Universidad Polità ©cnica de Madrid CIEMAT) Alemania. Estados Unidos.Petes.com V. DESCRIPCIà ³N   Y DISEà ±O   DEL PROYECTO V . DESCRIPCIà ³N   Y DISEà ±O DEL PROYECTO La empresa Halka Industrial se dedica a la produccià ³n de cosmà ©ticos como son tratamientos, desodorantes, acondicionadores, entre otros. En algunos de estos procesos se adiciona agua a 25oC como materia prima base y esta se eleva   a una temperatura de 80oC, ya que es a la cual todas las materias primas son fundidas y pueden ser mezcladas. Para mejorar la eficiencia energà ©tica del proceso, se propuso calentar el agua destinada para el producto antes de ser adicionada, y asà ­ disminuir el tiempo de produccià ³n. En esta etapa se realizaron varios escenarios de temperatura y equipos, donde surgieron los tiempos estimados de produccià ³n resultantes de adicionar el agua mà ¡s caliente. Tabla 1. Resultados de   diferentes escenarios   Caldera de 10 HP Escenario 1 Tanque Capacidad Kg Cp agua Camb. Temp. Kcal   Total Kcal/h Tiempo (h) 2 2500 1 kcal/kg oC 25 a 80 oC 137500 84000 1:58 min 7 1500 25 a 80 oC 82500 1:08 min Juntos 3:16 min Escenario 2 Tanque Capacidad Kg Cp agua Camb. Temp. Kcal   Total Kcal/h Tiempo (h) 2 2500 1 kcal/kg oC 30 a 80 oC 125000 84000 1:49 min 7 1500

Analyzing Search Engines :: essays research papers

<div style="sub-title">1. Formulate five criteria for the evaluation of search engines To effectively evaluate three different search engines from the perspective of an advanced web user, the following criteria were established: 1. Relevance and accuracy of search results 2. Search speed 3. Advanced search options 4. Other services 5. Site design and layout More information about these criteria and how they were used is available below. 2. Test three search engines against your criteria For this evaluation, the following three search engines were tested: 1. AltaVista - http://www.altavista.com/ 2. Google - http://www.google.com/ 3. DirectHit - http://www.directhit.com/ <div style="sub-title">3. Explain your methodology The criteria outlined in Part 1 were reached by considering the things that would be important to an advanced user. Of course, factors like Relevance and Speed are critical to such a user (particularly in a work environment). The search options criteria is particularly important to advanced users who are after a specific page and do not want to waste time 'wading' through results from a 'standard' search. The other criteria are important to most users and mean that the search engines are more usable and useful. The search results from the three test search engines (Part 2) were evaluate according the criteria, explained it more detail below. Criteria 1 - Relevance and Accuracy of Results This criterion was to evaluate the usefulness of a particular search engine according to the accuracy of its results. I defined the relevance, according to personal standards, after browsing the pages in the results, for three separate search terms. The Relevance Percentage is calculated by counting the number of relevant pages that appear in the first 20 search 'hits' and then multiplying by 20 (for a percentage). Criteria 2 - Search Speed This criterion was to evaluate which of the test search engines returns results quicker. However, it is important to note that the speed test is both a test of the Internet connection to the remote machine, as well as the time taken by the search engine to perform the search. Furthermore, tests of Internet speeds are very variable based on time of day, other internet traffic etc and are therefore of only limited accuracy. For this reason, no 'hard numbers' were calculated (ie timed searches). Instead, I rated each search engine based on 5 searches per engine at the same time, same day. The possible Speed Ratings are as follows: Excellent, Good, Poor Criteria 3 - Search Options This criteria was to evaluate the search engines advanced search options.

Object-oriented Programming and Data Member

Lab Task Q1: Create a class that includes a data member that holds a â€Å"serial number† for each object created from the class. That is, the first object created will be numbered 1, the second 2, and so on. To do this, you’ll need another data member that records a count of how many objects have been created so far. (This member should apply to the class as a whole; not to individual objects. What keyword specifies this? ) Then, as each object is created, its constructor can examine this count member variable to determine the appropriate serial number for the new object.Add a member function that permits an object to report its own serial number. Then write a main() program that creates three objects and queries each one about its serial number. They should respond I am object number 2, and so on. Use copy constructor for this task both deep and shallow copy. Q2: Create a class calculator. It would have two data members, both integer types. There would be four functio ns add(), sub(), mul() and div(). The mul() and div() functions would be friend functions. Create four objects of the class. Also use copy constructor both shallow and deep copy.There would be a static data member which would count the number of objects. Q3: Create a class GPACalculator. This class would have gpa, cgpa, sessionalMarks, midMarks and finalMarks data members. There would be two functions calculateGPA() and calculateCGPA(). calculateCGPA() would be friend function. You need to create an array of GPACalculator class. The array would be of 5. You also need to give the user option of whether he wants to calculate gpa or cgpa. The grades are as follows: 50 and 53 and 57 and 61 and 64 and 68 and 72 and 75 and 80 and 86 and

JFK Inaugural Address Essay Research Paper Example

JFK Inaugural Address Essay Research Paper Example JFK Inaugural Address Essay Paper JFK Inaugural Address Essay Paper John F. Kennedys in particular, was one of the most touching and inspiring inaugural addresses in our countrys history and it continues to be analyzed in classrooms, articles, and on television today. His words gained the peoples confidence that he had a positive future in store for America, and his moving statements kept the attention on him captivated. His uses of rhetorical strategies caused his arguments to be emphasized as well as considered, and he was able to say so such without boring those listening. He not only demonstrated the commitment that he was willing to make for the good of America, but he also encouraged citizens to join him in his effort. Regardless of the many methods Kennedy used to create his outstanding Address, the tone in which it was told is the most powerful one he used to win the crowd and earn their respect. His use of tone is effective in achieving his purpose- that those witnessing the speech desire to unite with Kennedy and overcome the common obstacles that faced their country together. Kennedy reached his audience on a personal level when he addressed myself as an equal to the people and stated We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. As he said this, he related to the people by showing them that they were all suffering the same hardships, and his tone is made sincere, serious, and willing in that he will do what he must for his people. The use of parallelism through the statement Let both sides explore Let both sides seek And Let both sides unite Also emitted an inspiring feel that ensured the people that he was in the fight for improvement with them, and prepared to do what it took for a better tomorrow. As he did so, he was able to get his audience to favor his determination for change and to admire his positive attitude of what can be done to improve Americas problems. Through the statement ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country and ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man, Kennedys tone of words appeal to Americans emotions and bring upon importance to the act of doing things for the benefit of your country. These simple but significant statements emend citizens that instead of expecting so much from the government and taking up our complaints as well as desires for our country, that we take action and seek what it is that we can do for our country ourselves. Through these statements Kennedy is able to outshine others who had given an inaugural address in the past by not only proving his willingness to produce a change, but by also inspiring other Americans to do the same. There is also notable truth in these statements, because in reality the citizens hold more power to be the change they wish to see in the world than our president does alone. Kennedy also discusses the importance of unity, and does so with the use of inversion when he says United there is little we cannot do. Divided, there is little we can do-for we dare not to meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. His use of inversion creates emphasis on how we are powerful and capable of changing our country for the better, if we only do it together. His tone is encouraging and serves his purpose in causing those listening to acknowledge that united as a country we can clearly influence a much greater transformation than we can as a smaller crowd. Together we can prove our sire for change, because if we complain about what we dislike about our country yet do nothing, then we are proving that we do not care about its issues as much as we appear to. One of the most useful methods Kennedy uses to cause his argument to be truly contemplated Over is the use Of rhetorical questioning. Through his rhetorical questions citizens instantly reflect upon themselves and in a sense ask themselves What am I willing to do, or better yet- what have done for my country? The reflective tone of these thoughts is beneficial to Kennedys argument because it allows it to reach the hearts of millions and to be further Hough of. The rhetorical question Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join that historical effort? Produces an effect that not only causes citizens to consider whether they will be a part of what influences a better America, but it also convinces them that they have the perfect leader to help them achieve this promising future. The tone in which John Kennedy delivered his Inaugural address was serious, insightful, logical, and inspiring all at once. His arguments were clear ND of plans symbolizing an end as well as a beginning-signifying renewal as well as change. He captivated the attention of those listening to him through his excellent use of rhetorical strategies that emphasized his every point and greatly helped to strengthen his argument. Several of his statements held grand importance and were something that the audience could relate to. John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address was well spoken and thoughtful. It was effective in reaching the audience and relatable to what America needed in a leader during this time period of war and poverty.

What Leadership Looks Like in Different Cultures Essays

What Leadership Looks Like in Different Cultures Essays What Leadership Looks Like in Different Cultures HYPERLINK "https://hbr.org/search?term=tomas+chamorro-premuzic" Tomas Chamorro- Premuzic Michael Sanger MAY 06, 2016 What makes a great leader? Although the core ingredients of leadership are universal (good judgment, integrity, and people skills), the full recipe for successful leadership requires culture-specific condiments. The main reason for this is that cultures differ in their implicit theories of leadership, the lay beliefs about the qualities that individuals need to display to be considered leaders. Depending on the cultural context, your typical style and behavioral tendencies may be an asset or a weakness. In other words, good leadership is largely personality in the right place . Research has shown that leaders' decision making , communication style, and dark-side tendencies are influenced by the geographical region in which they operate . Below we review six major leadership types that illustrate some of these findings. Decision Making The synchronized leader. Follow-through is key to being seen as leadership material in regions such asNortheast Asia (e.g., Mainland China, South Korea, and Japan), Indonesia, Thailand, the UAE, and much of Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Chile). In order to ascend the organizational ranks, such leaders must seek consensus on decisions and drive others through a keen process orientation.Business cycles can take longer as a result. But once all stakeholders are onboard, the deal needs to close fast or there is risk of jeopardizing the agreement. Synchronized leaders tend to be prudent and are more focused on potential threats than rewards. The opportunistic leader. Leaders who self-initiate and demonstrate flexibility on how to achieve a goal tend to be more desirable in Germanic and Nordic Europe (Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway), the UK, Western countries on which the UK had substantial cultural influence (the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand), and Asian countries that based their governing and economic institutions on theBritish model(India, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong). More or less individualistic, these leaders thrive in ambiguity. However, checking in frequently with team members is advised to ensure others keep up with changing plans. Opportunistic leaders tend to be ambitious risk takers. Communication Style The straight-shooting leader. In some regions employees expect their leaders to confront issues straightforwardly . In Northeast Asia and countries like the Netherlands, excessive communication is less appealing in the leadership ranks people just want you to get to the point. Accordingly, task-oriented leaders are preferred. Impromptu performance review meetings with direct reports occur more commonly in these locations, and leaders address undesirable behaviors from team members as soon as they are observed.Straight-shooting leaders tend to be less interpersonally sensitive. The diplomatic leader. In certain countries communication finesse and careful messaging are important not only to getting along but also to getting ahead. In places like New Zealand, Sweden, Canada, and much of Latin America, employees prefer to work for bosses who are able to keep business conversations pleasant and friendly.Constructive confrontation needs to be handled with empathy. Leaders in these locations are expected to continuously gauge audience reactions during negotiations and meetings. These types of managers adjust their messaging to keep the discussion affable; direct communication is seen as unnecessarily harsh. Diplomatic leaders tend to be polite and agreeable. Dark-side tendencies The "kiss up/kick down" leader. When organizations emphasize rank, emerging leaders tend to develop unique coping skills. It is a leader's job to implement mandates from above with lower-level employees. If overused, this strength can lead to a "kiss up/kick down" leadership style, characterized by excessive deference or sudden attention to detail when reporting up, and issuing fiery directives or refusing to compromise when commanding subordinates. Though never a good thing, this derailer is tolerated more in certain countries, such as Western Asia (Turkey, India, UAE), Serbia, Greece, Kenya, and South Korea. "Kiss up/kick down" leaders tend to be diligent and dutiful with their bosses but intense and dominating with their reports. The passive-aggressive leader. Some leaders become cynical, mistrusting, and eventually covertly resistant, particularly under stress. These reactions usually occur when the individual is forced to pursue an objective or carry out a task without being won over or in theabsence of sound rationale. Though being overtly cooperative while maintaining a level of skepticism can be beneficial ingroup settings, these behaviors

Homeowners file a tort claim against a theme park Case Study

Homeowners file a tort claim against a theme park - Case Study Example to 7 p.m. There was nary a moment of peace for the village residents since then because of: Roads clogged with traffic. On opening day of the amusement park itself, roads to and from the village were impassable, such that the milk tanker that regularly picks up milk from the dairy farm of Farmer Green could not get in. When the tanker came the next day, the 1,500 liters of milk it was supposed to pick up the previous day was already spoiled, which translated to a big loss for Farmer Green. Noise. Screams from the Haunted House and rides at the park prevent Ms. Bourne, who works night shifts at hospital, from sleeping at home by day. Mr. Goode, who runs a wildlife sanctuary nearby, also says the noise causes distress to his animals. Carelessness in garbage disposal. The daily garbage from the theme park is collected in man-made waste bays placed alongside the road, which often contain more than the amount of garbage that they can hold. Such overloading caused one waste bay to fracture, spilling rotten food that pollutes Farmer Green's land. Errant water from a multi-level log-flume water ride. Water from this facility seeps through a crack and collects behind the wall separating the park from the railway tracks. As the water level increased, the pressure toppled the wall and caused a landslide that busted a sewer pipe owned by the local water company. Principles of Tort The tort law is characterized by a loose set of relatively abstract principles, which allow maximum discretion to be exercised by reference to common-sense values (Hocking & Smith, 1996).4 Thus, the judgment on whether the Ashenhurst Village residents...In criminal law, the state is portrayed as the bigger offended party than the plaintiff such that if a defendant is proven guilty the state metes out the appropriate punishment. It is different in tort cases, in which the plaintiff, whose more popular assignation now is â€Å"claimant,† is the victim of the alleged wrong. There seems no doubt that the management of the Ashenhurst amusement and theme park has a duty of care in seeing to it that its operations do not cause harm to the village residents, some of whom assume a â€Å"sufficient relationship of proximity and neighborhood† with the park. The main offenses for which the park could be held liable are the torts of negligence and nuisance as well as for intentional and statutory torts. The traffic and noise from the rides are forms of nuisance, whereas the water seepage from the water ride and the overflow of garbage from the park amount to acts of negligence. As for intentional tort, the law says the theme park management is liable for this offense if it acted the way it did although it could have reasonably foreseen the harm that it would cause (Barker & Padfield). Based on the Occupier’s Liability Act in UK, the park is also answerable for statutory tort if it never attempted to take health and safety measures to avoid causing harm to its neighbors. However, it has to be proven if the park management breached its duty of care as determined by the accepted tests and principles of tort.

Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Advertisement - Essay Example The first advertising phase effectively increases the target clients’ knowledge of the products’ benefits. The same advertising pattern is grounded on the understanding that the target clients have prior direct experiences on products’ benefit. The target clients affirm that the main advertisement message is very convincing (cognition phase). The eye drops advertisements target a certain target market. The market is composed of current, future, and prior users of eye drops. The target clients know that eye drops will improve the eyes’ physical condition. Consequently, the target clients will accept (cognize) the advertisement’s message (Shimp & Andrew, 2013). Next, the muscle pain medicine convinces the advertisement viewers that the gel product will alleviate muscle pain. Again, the advertisement targets the current and prior users of muscle pain medicines. The same users are convinced that most muscle pain products successful improve the patients’ muscle pain symptoms. The product targets customers having flu-related symptoms. Most of the patients diagnosed with the same symptoms accept (cognize) the advertisement is truthful, delivering what the company advertises (Shimp & Andrew, 2013). Finally, the arthritis advertisement targets customers who are currently patronizing arthritis and related pain medications. The advertisement easily convinces the arthritis patients that using the product will lessen the painful joint pains generated by arthritis. The target advertisement viewers know that the product will make the product users start living a more pain-absent life. Regarding the efficacy of the product, the target clients have no doubts (Shimp & Andrew, 2013). The second phase focuses adding convincing relevant knowledge to the advertisements’ target clients. The three advertisements contribute additional beneficial knowledge to the target clients. The clients will know that there is a new competing product in the market. The